Align compaction output file boundaries to the next level ones (#10655)

Summary:
Try to align the compaction output file boundaries to the next level ones
(grandparent level), to reduce the level compaction write-amplification.

In level compaction, there are "wasted" data at the beginning and end of the
output level files. Align the file boundary can avoid such "wasted" compaction.
With this PR, it tries to align the non-bottommost level file boundaries to its
next level ones. It may cut file when the file size is large enough (at least
50% of target_file_size) and not too large (2x target_file_size).

db_bench shows about 12.56% compaction reduction:
```
TEST_TMPDIR=/data/dbbench2 ./db_bench --benchmarks=fillrandom,readrandom -max_background_jobs=12 -num=400000000 -target_file_size_base=33554432

# baseline:
Flush(GB): cumulative 25.882, interval 7.216
Cumulative compaction: 285.90 GB write, 162.36 MB/s write, 269.68 GB read, 153.15 MB/s read, 2926.7 seconds

# with this change:
Flush(GB): cumulative 25.882, interval 7.753
Cumulative compaction: 249.97 GB write, 141.96 MB/s write, 233.74 GB read, 132.74 MB/s read, 2534.9 seconds
```

The compaction simulator shows a similar result (14% with 100G random data).
As a side effect, with this PR, the SST file size can exceed the
target_file_size, but is capped at 2x target_file_size. And there will be
smaller files. Here are file size statistics when loading 100GB with the target
file size 32MB:
```
          baseline      this_PR
count  1.656000e+03  1.705000e+03
mean   3.116062e+07  3.028076e+07
std    7.145242e+06  8.046139e+06
```

The feature is enabled by default, to revert to the old behavior disable it
with `AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions.level_compaction_dynamic_file_size = false`

Also includes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/1963 to cut file before skippable grandparent file. Which is for
use case like user adding 2 or more non-overlapping data range at the same
time, it can reduce the overlapping of 2 datasets in the lower levels.

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10655

Reviewed By: cbi42

Differential Revision: D39552321

Pulled By: jay-zhuang

fbshipit-source-id: 640d15f159ab0cd973f2426cfc3af266fc8bdde2

1 files changed, 2 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/options/cf_options.h b/options/cf_options.h
index 47de8e7ae..da6b7252a 100644
--- a/options/cf_options.h
+++ b/options/cf_options.h
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ struct ImmutableCFOptions {
 
   bool level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes;
 
+  bool level_compaction_dynamic_file_size;
+
   int num_levels;
 
   bool optimize_filters_for_hits;